Golfing Terminology - Fairway, Rough, Dogleg

After teeing off, the player again hits the ball towards the green from where it came to rest. The area between the tee box and the putting green is known as the fairway.

The turf of the fairway is generally cut short and evenly and is an advantageous area from which to hit.

The area between the fairway and the out-of-bounds markers and also between the fairway and green is the rough, the turf of which is cut higher than that of the fairway and is generally a disadvantageous area from which to hit.

Holes with a par of 3 expect the player to be able to drive the ball to the green on their first shot from the tee box. Holes longer than par 3 are expected to require at least one extra shot made from the fairway or rough.

While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the tee-off point to the green, some of the holes maybe around a bend either to the left or to the right. This is called a "dogleg", in reference to a dog's knee. The hole is called a "dogleg left" if the hole angles leftwards, and vice versa; rarely, a hole's direction can bend twice, and is called a "double dogleg".

source: Wikipedia